Our dog is 1/2 Viszla and 1/2 lab, so she has a coat that is short and thin, but does have a little bit of undercoat. She is highly active, so she is happiest with nothing on when she is below treeline while we are moving regardless of how cold it is, even below zero on several occasions. We do quite a lot of winter hiking/climbing.
Last February, we climbed Mounts Monroe and Washington in New Hampshire. It was about 20 degrees F with very little wind at the summit of Monroe where I had not yet put on her puffy coat.
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An hour later as we were nearing the summit of Washington, the wind picked up and I put my dogs puffy coat on her because she started cowering at my feet as she does when she is uncomfortable. As we descended heading north toward Jefferson, the weather turned harsh enough that I had to put on more layer, mittens, mask and goggles. My dog was not happy even with her coat on until we were in the lee of Mount Clay. In the end we made it down just fine and as soon as we got below treeline she was rolling around on her back letting me know she wanted her coat off again.
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I've never needed to provide any paw protection for my dog in the winter.
When sleeping overnight, I have a short Z-rest pad she sleeps on. As soon as we start making camp, I put her puffy on her to maintain warmth. And, if it is much below freezing, I pull her in under my quilt to sleep because otherwise she doesn't settle down well and shivers all night long. I would NOT try to winter camp with my dog without the ability to pull her in under my quilt with me to keep her warm. My quilt is a synthetic over-quilt I put over the top of my 20*F bag for winter use. This system has worked for us down to -15*F.