From 1979 through 1994, attacks by dogs resulted in 279 deaths of humans in the United States. (Sacks JJ, Sattin RW, Bonzo SE. Dog bite-related fatalities from 1979 through 1988. JAMA 1989;262:1489-92; Sacks JJ, Lockwood R, Hornreich J, Sattin RW. Fatal dog attacks, 1989-1994. Pediatrics 1996; 97:891-5.) In the latter study, which covered six years, the researchers made these findings:
There were 109 bite-related fatalities.
- 57% of the deaths were in children under 10 years of age.
- 81% of the attacks involved an unrestrained dog.
- 22% of the deaths involved an unrestrained dog OFF the owner's property.
- 59% of the deaths involved an unrestrained dog ON the owner's property.
- 18% of the deaths involved a restrained dog ON the owner's property.
- 10% of the dog bite attacks involved sleeping infants.
The most commonly reported dog breeds involved were pit bulls (24 deaths), followed by rottweilers (16 deaths), and German shepherds (10 deaths).
The authors pointed out that many breeds are involved in fatal attacks. The death rate from dog bite-related fatalities (18 deaths per year) in the 6-year study period remained relatively constant compared with the prior 10 years. The authors emphasized that "most of the factors contributing to dog bites are related to the level of responsibility exercised by dog owners." They recommend public education about dogs and dog ownership.
The Humane Society of the United States and the Center for Disease Control did another study of dog bite related fatalities (DBRF's) during 1995-1996. Here are some of their findings:
- At least 25 persons died as the result of dog attacks (11 in 1995 and 14 in 1996). However, tThe sources used for the study are thought to have underestimated the number of DBRF's by 26%.
- 20 (80%) occurred among children (three were up to one month old, one was aged 5 months, 10 were aged 1-4 years, and six were aged 5-11 years).
- 5 occurred among adults (ages 39, 60, 75, 81, and 86 years).
- Most (18 [72%]) DBRF's occurred among males.
- Of 23 deaths with sufficient information for classification, seven (30%) involved an unrestrained dog off the owner's property, five (22%) involved a restrained dog on the owner's property, and 11 (48%) involved an unrestrained dog on the owner's property.
- Of the 25 deaths, nine (36%) involved one dog, nine (36%) involved two dogs, two (8%) involved three dogs, and five (20%) involved six to 11 dogs.
- All the attacks by unrestrained dogs off the owner's property involved more than one dog.
- Of the three deaths among neonates, all occurred on the dog owner's property and involved one dog and a sleeping child.
- Fatal attacks were reported from 14 states (California [four deaths]; Florida and Pennsylvania [three each]; Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, and South Dakota [two each]; and Connecticut, Massachusetts, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, Tennessee, and Washington [one each]).